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Objective: To explore the application of up-conversing phosphor technology (UPT) to detect pathogenic organisms in the air. Methods: The performance of UPT was verified with Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia pestis and Escherichia coli O157 as simulated strains, including stability, specificity, sensitivity and response time tests; Air particle sampler is used to collect air samples in the field microenvironment test chamber, and UPT is used for detection. At the same time, compared with the traditional culture method, the practicability of UPT is verified. Results: The coefficient of variation in laboratory was 9.62% and 8.02% when the concentration of 107 CFU/ml and 108 CFU/ml were detected by UPT. The results were less than the allowable target, and the detection system had good stability. The specificity of UPT was verified by Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that no non-Staphylococcus aureus was detected, and the positive detection rate of different kinds of Staphylococcus aureus was 100%. The specificity of the detection system was good. The sensitivity of UPT for detecting Staphylococcus aureus was 104 CFU/ml. Detection sensitivity of Yersinia pestis ≥103 CFU/ml; The detection sensitivity of Escherichia coli O157 is ≥103 CFU/ml, and the response time of UPT to bacteria is within 15 min (all 10 min 15 s). The detection results of bacteria contentration in the air of the on-site microenvironment test cabin by UPT showed that when the concentration of Escherichia coli O157 in the air reached above 104 CFU/m3, the detection results of UPT were positive, and with the increase of air concentration, the numerical concentration measured by UPT showed an upward trend, which was positively correlated with the concentration of bacteria in the air. Conclusion: UPT may be feasible as a rapid method to evaluate the species and contentration of pathogenic organisms in the air.
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Humans , Sensitivity and Specificity , TechnologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the age distribution of Mongolian patients with cerebral infarction caused by thrombosis and the correlation and consistency between thromboelastography (TEG) and four parameters of coagulation.@*METHODS@#The age distribution of 298 Mongolian patients with cerebral infarction treated in Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University from January 2020 to December 2021 and their TEG, four items of routin coagulation and platelet count were analyzed retrospectively. The correlation and consistency of above-mentioned two detection methods were statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The onset age of 298 Mongolian patients with cerebral infarction was mainly 61-70 years old, accounting for 38.3%, followed by 51-60 years old, accounting for 26.8%. The R time detected by TEG was linearly correlated with PT and APTT（r=0.186，r=0.152）. K value, MA value and α-Angle measured by TEG was linearly correlated with Fib (r=-0.364，r=0.616，r=0.359), K value, MA value and α-Angle measured by TEG was linearly correlated with Plt (r=0.318，r=0.519，r=0.301). The R time detected by TEG was consistent with PT and APTT, and the Kappa values were 0.252 (P<0.001), 0.336 (P<0.001). K, MA, and α-Angle measured by TEG was consistent with Fib, the Kappa values were 0.265 (P<0.001), 0.289 (P<0.001) and 0.290 (P<0.001), respectively; K、MA and α-Angle measured by TEG was consistent with Plt, the Kappa values were 0.276 (P<0.001), 0.285 (P<0.001) and 0.302 (P<0.001), respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The onset age of Mongolian patients with cerebral infarction caused by thrombosis is mainly 61-70 years old, followed by 51-60 years old. The onset age shows a younger trend. There is a significant correlation between TEG and coagulation, but the consistency is weak, therefore, the two methods can not be replaced each other.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Blood Coagulation , Blood Coagulation Tests/methods , Cerebral Infarction , Retrospective Studies , Thrombelastography/methods , ThrombosisABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on dental caries in rats,and to investigate the mechanism.Methods Forty male Wistar rats (21 days old,specific pathogen-free,weaned) with dental caries induced by Streptococcus mutans were randomly divided into saline group,hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME)-PDT group,simple laser group,simple photosensitizer group and sodium fluoride group,with eight rats in each group.The molars of rats in the saline group were smear repeatedly for 5 minutes with cotton balls containing 150 μL normal saline.The molars of rats in HMME-PDT group were incubated for 5 minutes without light by placing the cotton balls containing 150 μL HMME (40 mg · L-1) on the tooth surface,then molars were irradiated vertically by 532 nm semiconductor laser,the power density was 140 mW · cm-2,the irradiation time was 90 s,and the energy density was 12.6 J · cm-2.The molars of rats in the simple laser group were irradiated vertically by 532 nm semiconductor laser;the irradiation time,power density and energy density were the same as those in HMME-PDT group;but the molars were not treated with HMME.The molars of rats in the simple photosensitizer group were smear repeatedly for 5 minutes with cotton balls containing 150 μL HMME (40 mg · L-1),but the molars were not irradiated by laser.The molars of rats in the sodium fluoride group were smear repeatedly for 5 minutes with cotton balls containing 150 μL fluorinse (2 g · L-1).The rats in each group were treated once a week for 4 weeks.Streptococcus mutans were collected from oral cavity of rats after each treatment,and bacterial inhibition was recorded by plate count.The rats were killed after 4 weeks,and the Keyes caries score was recorded.The surface morphology of the teeth was observed by scanning electron microscope.Results The time factor had no effect on the growth of oral Streptococcus mutans (F =0.11,P ＞ 0.05),the treatment factor had effect on the growth of oral Streptococcus mutans (F =230.89,P ＜ 0.05),and there was interaction effect between treatment factor and time factor (F =6.36,P ＜ 0.05).The colony number of Streptococcus mutans in HMME-PDT group and sodium fluoride group was lower than that in saline group,photosensitizer group and simple laser group at the first,second,third and fourth week after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).The colony number of Streptococcus mutans in HMME-PDT group was lower than that in sodium fluoride group at the first,second and third week after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).The Dx caries lesion of smooth surface caries wasn't found in each group.The Dm caries lesion of smooth surface caries wasn't found in the HMME-PDT group and sodium fluoride group.The Keyes scores of E and Ds caries lesion of smooth surface caries in the HMME-PDT group and sodium fluoride group was lower than that in the saline group,simple photosensitizer group and simple laser group(P ＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in the Keyes scores of E and Ds caries lesion of smooth surface caries between the HMME-PDT group and sodium fluoride group(P ＞0.05).The Dx caries lesion of pit and fissure caries was found in the saline group only.The Keyes score of E,Ds and Dm caries lesion of pit and fissure caries in the HMME-PDT group and sodium fluoride group was lower than that in the saline group,simple photosensitizer group and simple laser group (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in the Keyes scores of E,Ds and Dm caries lesion of pit and fissure caries between the HMME-PDT group and sodium fluoride group(P ＞ 0.05).The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the enamel surface was rough,uneven and there was a large number of scratch in the saline group and simple photosensitizer group.Relatively the enamel surface in the simple laser group was smooth,and there was a small circular scallops and dents was found in the structure;in the sodium fluoride group,the enamel surface was relatively smooth,take off the mining area was less,and remineralization was found.In the HMME-PDT group,the enamel surface was smooth,pitting was reduced and take off the mining area was small.Conclusion HMME-PDT had significant inhibitive efficacy on caries development in rats by reducing the number of cariogenic bacteria and improving the structure of the teeth.
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Objective To investigate the role of microRNAs (miRs) in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs）induced by endothelial insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) under low shear stress (LowSS). Methods Endothelial cells (ECs) and VSMCs were co-cultured and exposed to normal shear stress (NSS, 1.5 Pa) and LowSS (0.5 Pa) for 12 h with parallel plate flow chamber system, respectively. Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression levels of miRs. The target genes of miR-133b were predicted by multiple algorithms. The expression of polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (Ptbp1) and N-myc downstream regulated 1 (Ndrg1) in VSMCs was detected by Western blotting. The VSMC proliferation was detected by EdU flow cytometry assay. Results After treated with recombinant IGF-1, the expression of both miR-133b and miR-378a in VSMCs was increased. Compared with NSS, LowSS significantly induced the expression of miR-133b in the co-cultured VSMCs, but had no obvious effect on miR-378a. In VSMCs, the protein and mRNA levels of Ptbp1 and Ndrg1 were down-regulated by miR-133b mimics. miR-133b inhibitor up-regulated the mRNA levels of Ptbp1 and Ndrg1. miR-133b overexpression promoted the proliferation of VSMCs significantly. Conclusions IGF-1 secreted by ECs in response to LowSS can upregulate the expression of miR-133b in the co-cultured VSMCs, which subsequently depresses the expression of Ptbp1 and Ndrg1, and induces the proliferation of VSMCs eventually. The research findings provide a potential new target for cardiovascular disease therapy.
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Due to the irregular of diet and overfeeding greasy and surfeit flavor closely associated with hyperuricemia disease, the lipid emulsion containing high cholesterol was used to model. To obtain a more stable and sustained animal model for the efficacy evaluation of traditional Chinese herbs, we observed the influence on the serum uric acid of rat induced by the lipid emulsion compared with high purine diet. 36 SD male rats were randomized to the normal control group, high purine diet group and lipid emulsion group respectively. The general behavior, body weight and daily food intake of rats were observed. The orbital blood was taken to separate into the serum and 24 hours urine was collected. The serum indexes such as UA, BUN, Cr, ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL-c were determined every 2 weeks, and XOD, ADA enzyme activity were determined at the 4th week. The urine indexes such as UA, Cr and Cua/Ccr were determined at the 4th week. After stopping modeling, the serum UA were determined two weeks and four weeks later respectively. At the 2nd week, the body weight and daily food intake of rats in the lipid emulsion group reduced significantly, and the level of serum UA, BUN, Cr, TC, LDL-c, ATL, AST raised significantly meanwhile TG reduced. At the 4th week, the serum UA in high purine diet group did not raise, and the serum XOD raised obviously while ADA did not; the serum UA in lipid emulsion group was higher significantly, and the serum XOD and ADA raised while Cua/Ccr reduced obviously. At the 6th weeks, the serum UA in both the high purine diet group and lipid emulsion group raised obviously. After stopping modeling, the serum UA in lipid emulsion group still maintained a high level at the 2nd week and back to the normal level at the 4th week. Compared with high purine diet, the hyperuricemia model induced by lipid emulsion forms earlierand more stable. It maybe has great value to study the pharmacodynamics of traditional Chinese medicine treatment to hyperuricemia disease. Its mechanism may be related to increasing XOD and ADA enzyme activity which can promote uric acid synthesis, meanwhile inhibiting of uric acid excretion.
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Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Diet , Disease Models, Animal , Emulsions , Metabolism , Hyperuricemia , Metabolism , Lipid Metabolism , Lipids , Chemistry , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by low shear stress (LowSS). Methods Using co-culture parallel plate flow chamber system, endothelial cells (ECs) and VSMCs were co-cultured and applied with normal shear stress (1.5 Pa) and LowSS (0.5 Pa) for 12 h. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the co-cultured VSMCs was detected by Western blotting to determine the proliferation capacity of VSMCs. Real-time PCR was used to examine the miR levels of miR-34a in the co-cultured VSMCs. The target proteins of miR-34a were predicted by TargetScan, miRWalk and some other websites. Western blotting was used to detect expression of Forkhead box j2 (Foxj2) in the co-cultured VSMCs. Mimics and inhibitor were used to up-regulate or inhibit the expression of miR-34a, and then the expression of Foxj2 and PCNA was detected by Western blotting to verify the regulation relationship between miR 34a and Foxj2. Results Compared with NSS, LowSS promoted the PCNA expression and significantly up-regulated the miR-34a expression in the co-cultured VSMCs. Foxj2 was predicted to be the downstream target protein of miR-34a by TargetScan, miRWalk and some other websites. Foxj2 expression decreased significantly in the co-cultured VSMCs under LowSS application. Under static condition, the expression of Foxj2 obviously decreased and the expression of PCNA obviously increased by up-regulating miR-34a expression in VSMCs. While inhibiting the expression of miR-34a in VSMCs would result in a significant increase in the expression of Foxj2 and a significant decrease in the expression of PCNA. Conclusions LowSS can promote the proliferation of VSMCs by regulating miR-34a and target protein Foxj2 in the co-cultured VSMCs. This research finding will provide new mechanobiological experimental reference for further illustrating the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and finding the therapeutic targets for drugs.